US Immigration Questions

Unless the context shows otherwise, all answers here were provided by Rajiv and were compiled and reported by our editorial team from comments, blog and community calls on immigration.com. Where transcribed from audio/video, a verbatim transcript is provided. Therefore, it may not conform to the written grammatical or syntactical form. This answer is for information purposes only and does not create an attorney-client relationship.

Laid off H-1B filing B-2 extension for job search explained

Question details

Could you please briefly explain the process and the basis for filing for B-2 extension for job search? Is it the same I-539 form and process? And do we need an attorney for this?

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

The process for filing a B2 extension for job searching after an H1B layoff is the same as the initial B2 application, using Form I-539. However, the supporting letter and evidence should detail your job search efforts, including companies contacted and resumes sent, and demonstrate sufficient financial resources to avoid unauthorized employment. While an attorney isn't strictly necessary for most cases, it can provide peace of mind, especially if you have the means. If you receive a Request for Evidence (RFE), you can always hire an attorney at that stage.

Immigration Law

Day 1 CPT and F-1 visa stamping

Question details

My STEM OPT expires in October 2025 and my H1b has not picked in the lottery in the 3 attempts. I want to know what options do I have to continue working for my current employer? The most common option I have been recommended is Day1 CPT. I need to travel to India in November 2025 for my wedding and wanted to know what process should I follow getting a F1 stamp/ restamp under Day1 CPT. Also, are there any other options that I can use to continue working for existing employer and still be able to travel to India in November.

Main concern is F1 stamp/ restamp on Day1 CPT. What can I do on my end to ensure successful stamping? Or can should I travel to India now when I have valid STEM OPT to get a stamping under the current F1 status.

Another option I came across is Open Avenues, where I get a cap exempt H1B visa for part time job and I can continue my full time role alongside it. What are your thoughts on this option and what do stamping success rates look under this option?

ANSWER
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Generally, pursuing day one CPT and then going for F-1 visa stamping carries a higher risk of denial. While the outcome depends on the visa officer's judgment, selecting a course of study under CPT that aligns with and furthers your career is the primary recommendation to potentially improve your chances.

Impact of errors in tax return; IRS payment plans

Question details

I have not gotten to the stage of I-485 filing, but I had a general question. Let's say I accidentally put some wrong information in my tax returns, then I assume IRS will contact me about it. As long as I am on a payment plan with them, and pay everything I owe properly, would it still affect my I-485 approval chance? I am just worried about any unintentional errors from my end.

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

Dealing with IRS issues, such as a payment plan due to errors in tax returns, should generally not negatively impact your I-485 application as long as you are actively in the process of correcting the situation.

Agency

Green Card

Extending B-1/B-2 visa for mother with health concerns – Options for caregiving in the US

Question details

The question is regarding my mother, who comes on B1/B2 every 6 months. My father expired during the COVID-19 pandemic, and she stays alone in India. My brother and I both live in the US. He is on an H1B visa, and I am on an H4 visa. My mom is also suffering from arthritis and is not able to walk much.

Is there a way we can extend her B1/B2 instead of sending her back to India? She has nobody to look after, and we are under a lot of stress as we are settled here and can't be in India for six months.

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

Yes, it may be possible for the mother to obtain a B-1/B-2 visa and potentially extend her stay in the US to help her children who are on H-1 visas. While not explicitly stated in law, there's a policy principle, often related to "cohabiting partners" as outlined in the State Department's Foreign Affairs Manual, that allows for B-1/B-2 visas in situations where close relationships exist, but dependents don't qualify for F-2 or H-4 status (like a parent of an H-1B holder).

This approach has been used successfully in the past for extended stays. However, it's not guaranteed and can be subject to the discretion of individual immigration officers. There's a risk of encountering issues or receiving requests for further evidence that may not make sense, requiring further action.

 

Immigration Law

Withdrawing pending I-539 after H-4 visa stamping and new I-94 issuance

Question details

My spouse traveled to India and successfully completed her H4 visa stamping at the US consulate, which is now valid for next 2 years. Prior to her departure, she submitted an I-539 application for an H4 extension with USCIS. However, since she is returning to the United States, she will receive a new I-94 upon her arrival. Given that her I-539 application is still pending with USCIS, I would like to know the process for withdrawing the I-539 application.

We have filed her I-539 application online and it is still pending with USCIS.

We want to avoid any potential conflicts with her I-94 status in case USCIS approves her application after she arrives back in the US (new I-94 that she will receive at port entry and old I-94 if USCIS approves).

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

If an I-539 application (likely for H-4 extension in this context) is pending and the applicant travels outside the US and obtains an H-4 visa stamp, the pending I-539 is automatically abandoned. However, it's advisable to formally withdraw the I-539 to ensure clean records. To do this, the individual should contact USCIS customer service and request the withdrawal. They may be instructed to send a notarized letter, or it might be possible to do it over the phone.

 

H-1B remote work from outside the US – Extension, compliance, and re-entry consideration​

Question details

I am in my sixth year of H1B, which will expire on July 27, 2025. My I-140 was filed on July 12, 2024, and I expect a decision soon, given the I-140 processing time of 7-9 months. Once my I-140 is approved, I plan to apply for a three-year H1B extension.

My employer operates as a fully remote company, and they support my plan to work remotely from Europe starting June 1, 2025, while continuing to be paid on the U.S. payroll. I worked remotely from India and Europe for around six months during my H1B period without any issues re-entering the U.S. However, I plan to spend most of the next three years (over six months per year) outside the U.S., and I am seeking clarity on maintaining my H1B status, re-entry requirements, and compliance with immigration laws.

Questions:

1.) Given that my I-140 was filed on July 12, 2024, and assuming it is approved soon, should I apply for premium or regular processing for my three-year H1B extension? Would premium processing provide any specific advantages since I plan to work remotely from Europe starting June 1, 2025, while staying on the U.S. payroll, or should I go with standard processing and apply and wait for the decision while I am outside the USA? Perhaps the renewal decision will help before I move out of USA?

2.) What is the maximum time one can spend outside the U.S. each year while still maintaining H1B status? In one of your previous videos on H1B remote work, you referenced 8 CFR 214.2(h) regarding H1B workers' ability to work outside the U.S. while being paid in the U.S. However, I couldn’t find explicit wording confirming this. Could you clarify where this is stated?

3.) Given the current administration’s policies, are there any concerns with staying abroad for more than six months per year for the next three years while on H1B working remotely with a US payroll?

4.) Can I open a company in Europe to obtain residency there while continuing to do the same work remotely for my U.S. employer and receiving my salary in the U.S.? Would this create any H1B compliance issues? How frequently should I visit the U.S. to maintain my H1B status and avoid re-entry issues?

5.) If I visit the U.S. for only a few days or months and work from an Airbnb in the same Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) as my employer’s address, do I need to update or amend my H1B petition? If my employer undergoes a USCIS site visit while I am working remotely from abroad, what potential consequences could arise, and how should I handle it?

 

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

Working remotely outside the US on an H-1B is permissible, and time spent outside the US doesn't count towards your H-1 B limit. Given your I-140 was filed in 2024 and a decision is expected soon, standard processing for your H1B extension is recommended if you don't need it immediately, as there's no advantage to premium processing in your situation. There's no limit to the time you can spend outside the US while on an H1B. You don't need to update your H-1B if you visit the US for short periods and work remotely from an Airbnb within the same Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). A US site visit from your employer should not pose any issues as your remote work arrangement is legal. You can also legally open a company in Europe for residency while continuing to work for your US H-1B employer, although you should review any exclusivity clauses in your employment contract.

 

Immigration Law

H-1B entrepreneur, starting an MEP design firm, Employer-employee relationship, and transitioning to self-employment

Question details

I am a mechanical engineer currently working as an MEP design engineer, and I hold a professional engineer (PE) license in North Carolina. I am on an H-1B visa with an approved I-140.

With the recent rule changes, I wanted to understand whether I can open my own MEP design firm while on H-1B status without maintaining an employer-employee relationship. Additionally, would I be allowed to start the company while maintaining my current full-time job and transition to running the firm full-time once I build up a client base?
 

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

Yes, you can incorporate a company while on an H-1B with another employer, but you cannot actively conduct business for your own company without violating your H-1B status. To operate your own company while on H-1B, you would need to transfer your H-1B to your own company or obtain a concurrent H-1B for your company, which requires demonstrating an employer-employee relationship and meeting salary requirements. There are practical difficulties with this, including funding your own salary.

Green Card

Entrepreneur. Can I start a company on STEM OPT? O-1A visa and maintaining legal status

Question details

I have a specific question about building a startup in the US. I am currently on a STEM OPT (expires Sep, 2026), and am currently unemployed. My unemployment days (90 + 60) run out around April 30. I want to build a startup as a solo founder in the tech space, and go the O1A route.

My question is, can I start a company as a solo founder? What if I create a board to show employer-employee relationships? I am planning on raising money and also applying for grants as I build out the product and acquire users.

Alternatively, I am part of another company with two American cofounders (I have <40% equity), but we have no revenue as of yet. Can I leverage my involvement with that company to maintain legal status?

Answer: You can start a company as a solo founder and pursue an O-1A visa, but there's no guarantee of approval. While structuring your company with a board to show an employer-employee relationship might work for O-1A, it won't work for STEM OPT unless someone senior is supervising you. Involvement in another company with American co-founders and less than 40% equity doesn't directly help maintain legal status, except possibly for the O-1A visa or considering CPT.
 

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

You can start a company as a solo founder and pursue an O-1A visa, but there's no guarantee of approval. While structuring your company with a board to show an employer-employee relationship might work for O-1A, it won't work for STEM OPT unless someone senior is supervising you. Involvement in another company with American co-founders and less than 40% equity doesn't directly help maintain legal status, except possibly for the O-1A visa or considering CPT.
 

Nonimmigrant Visas

NIW I-140 approved, I-485 denied because of change in role - Priority date retention, refiling, and porting

Question details

My NIW I-140 was approved based on a job, but later, my NIW I-485 was denied because I was not working in a similar role.
My question is:
1. Does the denial of the NIW I-485 rescind the priority date that I got with the NIW I140 filing/approval?
2. In the future, if I am working in a similar role, can I re-file this NIW I-485?
3. Can I use this NIW I140 priority date in my other adjustment of status cases such as PERM-based, etc.?
 

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

An NIW I-140 approval does not lose its priority date even if the I-485 is denied due to a change in role. You can likely refile the I-485 if working in a similar role in the future, and you can likely use the NIW I-140 priority date in other adjustment of status cases.

B-2 extension/F-1 Change of Status: Can I stay in the U.S.?

Question details

My H-1B to B2 status change (I-539) was approved, and the I-94 expiry date on my B2 approval notice is 21 April 2025.
Now, if I apply for a B2 extension or F-1 change of status, then can I stay in the USA after 21-Apr-2025 while my decision is pending?
 

ANSWER
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FAQ Transcript

Yes, you can generally stay in the US while your B-2 extension or F-1 change of status application is pending, provided you file it before your current status expires. This applies to most applications filed while still in status (e.g., H-1, B-1, B-2, L-1, E-1, E-2). If your I-94 expires on April 21st and you apply for a B-2 extension or F-1 change of status before that date, you can stay in the US while your application is pending because you filed it timely.