General Nonimmigrant Visa

My PERM was filed on November 1, 2023, and my current visa expires on October 10, 2024. Am I eligible to apply for a one-year extension based on the 356-day rule? If so, is July a good month to apply for a one-year extension?
OR do I need to travel back to my Country and apply for an extension after 1st November 2024?

1. I was on an H-1B visa and got laid off. I then switched to a B2 visa to extend my stay in the US after the 60-day grace period. My B2 visa is about to expire. I can request an extension of the B2 visa, but I want to enroll in a master's or a PhD program. Once I switch to an F1 visa, will I be allowed to work on H-1B (or any other visa) if I get a full-time job during my course period? If I am allowed to work, can I also continue my course?

2. When the F1 is approved, will I have to leave the US to get my visa stamped and re-enter (as I am currently on a B2 visa)?

3. What would your suggestion be considering the different visa options I have? Should I extend my B2 visa or switch to an F1 visa?

I have a question about my mother's stay in the US on a visitor (B2) visa. I am an IT Professional in the US on an L1 work visa along with my family (spouse & kid). My only sibling (younger sister) is also settled here in the USA. My father passed away a couple of years back in India. My mother is 60+ years of age, and currently, there is no family member in India to stay with her at all times. She visits the USA and stays with us for six months at a stretch during the year. Considering her health and emotional support needs, I am looking for options to have her stay with us long-term (beyond a six-month period in a year). As is the case in this scenario, are there legally valid options/exceptions for old-age single parents?

1. I am currently in a 60-day grace period due to a layoff and am in the process of finding a new employer to file an H1B transfer. I have two questions regarding my situation:
If I apply for a B1/B2 visa on the 59th day of my grace period and it is approved within two weeks, can my new employer still file an H1B transfer using premium processing? 

2. Specifically, I am concerned about the impact of my status change from H1B to B1/B2 and then back to H1B on the processing of the transfer.

3. My family members hold a valid US visa stamping until March 2027, which was obtained using my previous employer's I-797. Can they enter the US using this existing visa with a copy of my new employer's I-797 at the port of entry?

During the last three years on H-1B, I have spent approximately one year outside of the US (multiple visits to India). What is the procedure to recapture that time and add it back to my H-1B total time?